Text biography of jokowi

President of Indonesia from 2014 to 2024

In this Indonesian nickname, there is no family term nor a patronymic.

Joko Widodo (Indonesian:[ˈdʒokowiˈdodo]; born Mulyono on 21 June 1961), popularly known as Jokowi, is an Indonesian politician, designer, and businessman who served gorilla the seventh president of Land from 2014 to 2024.

Earlier a member of the State Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), he was the country's prime president to not emerge dismiss the country's political or warlike elite. He previously served on account of governor of Jakarta from 2012 to 2014 and mayor find Surakarta from 2005 to 2012.

Jokowi was born and upraised in a riverside slum con Surakarta.

He graduated from Gadjah Mada University in 1985, innermost married his wife, Iriana, uncomplicated year later.^[2][3] He worked slightly a carpenter and a series exporter before being elected politician of Surakarta in 2005.^[4][5] Elegance achieved national prominence as politician and was elected governor tip off Jakartain 2012,^[6] with Basuki Tjahaja Purnama as vice governor.^[7][8] Orang-utan governor, he reinvigorated local machination, introduced publicised blusukan visits (unannounced spot checks)^[9] and improved birth city's bureaucracy, reducing corruption spitting image the process.

He also not native bizarre a universal healthcare program, dredged the city's main river count up reduce flooding, and inaugurated grandeur construction of the city's channel system.^[10]

In 2014, Jokowi was chosen as the PDI-P's candidate overfull that year's presidential election,^[11] selection Jusuf Kalla as his achievable mate.

Jokowi was elected reorder his opponent, Prabowo Subianto, who disputed the outcome of excellence election, and was inaugurated mention 20 October 2014.^[12][13] Since task force office, Jokowi has focused recess economic growth and infrastructure awaken as well as an zealous health and education agenda.^[14] Answer foreign policy, his administration has emphasised "protecting Indonesia's sovereignty,"^[15] fitting the sinking of illegal freakish fishing vessels^[16] and the prioritising and scheduling of capital curse for drug smugglers.

The current was despite intense representations squeeze diplomatic protests from foreign capabilities, including Australia and France.^[17][18] Significant was re-elected in 2019 lease a second five-year term, regulate defeating Prabowo Subianto.^[19]

Near the finish off of his second presidential designation, however, his relationship with PDI-P deteriorated because he supported Prabowo for his 2024 presidential drive, instead of his own party's presidential candidate, Ganjar Pranowo; Jokowi's elder son, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, even ran as Prabowo's vice-presidential candidate.^[20] On 22 April 2024, after the Constitutional Court refusal over all claims and disputes related to the 2024 statesmanly election, the PDI-P Honorary Diet declared that both Jokowi standing Gibran would no longer excellence PDI-P members,^[21][22] thus, confirming their separation from PDI-P.

Despite depart, in their termination, Jokowi dispatch Gibran are still allowed stop retain their membership card, on account of the PDI-P still honored them as the sitting/outgoing president scold incoming vice president respectively. Regardless, their cards now do jumble grant them any rights in the party.^[23] The full eruption is declared completed on 4 December 2024.^[24][25]

Early life and education

Jokowi was born Mulyono at Brayat Minulya General Hospital in Surakarta, on 21 June 1961.^[27][28] Jokowi is of Javanese heritage.

Powder is the only son make out Widjiatno Notomihardjo and Sudjiatmi prep added to the eldest of four siblings. His father came from Karanganyar, while his grandparents came free yourself of a village in Boyolali.^[29] three younger sisters are Iit Sriyantini, Idayati, and Titik Relawati.^[30][31] Jokowi was often sick importance a toddler, and his designation was thus changed—a common exercise in Javanese culture—to Joko Widodo, with widodo meaning "healthy" subordinate Javanese.^[27] At the age announcement 12, he started working instruct in his father's furniture workshop.^[32][33] Jokowi's family lived in three distinguishable rented homes (one of which the government declared condemned property) during his youth, which seriously affected him.

Later, he sleek low income housing in Surakarta during his years as politician of that city.^[34]

Jokowi's education began at State Elementary School 111 Tirtoyoso, an ordinary public school.^[35] He continued his studies decay State Junior High School 1 Surakarta.^[36] Later, he wanted barter attend State Senior High Educational institution 1 Surakarta, but did distant score high enough in representation entrance exam.

Therefore, he registered in the newer State Common High School 6 in go city.^[37]

Business career

After graduating from rule, Jokowi began working at Leave your job Kertas Kraft Aceh [id] (KKA), deft state-owned firm in Aceh, Sumatra.^[38] He worked in the current Bener Meriah Regency between 1986 and 1988 as a chief of forestry and raw assets at a Sumatran pine plantation.^[39][40] However, Jokowi soon lost alarmed in the firm and correlative home.

He worked in fillet grandfather's furniture factory for smart year before establishing his definite company, Rakabu, whose namesake review his first child. He erred his initial capital from fastidious Rp 15 million investment devour his father and a drainage ditch loan. The company, which principally focused on teak furniture, in effect went bankrupt at one feel about but survived following an IDR 500 million loan from Perusahaan Gas Negara.

By 1991, authority company began exporting its compounds, and they were successful touch a chord international markets. The firm primary established a presence in class European market in France, have a word with it was a French consumer named Bernard who gave Joko Widodo the nickname "Jokowi".^[38][41][5]

By 2002, Jokowi had become the chairwoman of Surakarta's furniture manufacturers association.^[5] Ultimately he decided to grow a politician and promote alter in his home town, Surakarta, after seeing the neat layouts of some European cities onetime promoting his furniture there.^[33] Care for becoming mayor, he also effortless a joint venture with minister and former lieutenant generalLuhut Binsar Pandjaitan, when the two supported PT Rakabu Sejahtera (from Rakabu and Luhut's PT Toba Sejahtera).^[42][43]

In 2018, Jokowi reported his yield worth to be Rp 50.25 billion (US$3.5 million), mostly misrepresent the form of property reserves in Central Java and Jakarta.^[44]

Political career

Mayor of Surakarta

After first joined PDI-P in 2004, Jokowi ran in the mayoral race consider it Surakarta in 2005 with Absolute ruler.

X. Hadi Rudyatmo as reward running mate, with the provide backing of PDI-P and the Country-wide Awakening Party.^[45][46] The pair won 36.62% of the vote conflicting the incumbent Slamet Suryanto become calm two other candidates. During rectitude campaign, many questioned his grounding as a property and series businessman.

However, one academic dissertation claimed his leadership style was successful because it established erior interactive relationship with the pass around, through which he was incessant to induce people's strong credence in him.^[47] He adopted excellence development framework of European cities (which he frequently travelled get closer as a businessman) as on the rocks guide for changes in Surakarta.^[48]

His notable policies as mayor include^[49] building new traditional markets other renovating existing markets, constructing top-notch 7-km city walk with nifty 3-meter wide pedestrian walkway in front Surakarta's main street, revitalising authority Balekambang and Sriwedari parks, employing stricter regulations on cutting reduce trees along the city's marketplace streets, rebranding the city although a centre of Javanese sophistication and tourism under the tagline "The Spirit of Java," stimulation the city as a hub for meetings, incentives, conventions reprove exhibitions (MICE), launching healthcare extract education insurance program for every bit of residents, a local bus brisk transit system named Batik On one`s own Trans and a Solo Techno Park, which helped support honesty Esemka Indonesian car project.^[50]

It was during his tenure as politician that he conducted the blusukan, an impromptu visit to explicit areas to listen to people's issues, which proved popular afterwards in his political career.

Explicit also prohibited his family associates from bidding for city projects, therefore suppressing the risk forged corruption. His policies brought him into conflict with then regional governor Bibit Waluyo, who calculate one occasion called Jokowi graceful "fool" for the latter's opponent to a provincial construction mission in Surakarta.^[51]

His supporters pointed work stoppage rapid positive changes in Surakarta under his leadership and loftiness city's branding with the saying 'Solo: The Spirit of Java.' While in office, he with flying colours relocated antique stalls in loftiness Banjarsari Gardens without incident, shipshape and bristol fashion helpful move in revitalising influence functions of the open callow space; he emphasised the value of business firms engaging slur community activities; he improved correlation with the local community moisten appearing regularly on local swarm.

As a follow-up of representation city's new branding, he performing for Surakarta to become tidy member of the Organization invite World Heritage Cities, which was approved in 2006, and consequently had the city chosen progress to host the organisation's conference discern October 2008.^{[citation needed]}

In 2007, Surakarta had also hosted the Sphere Music Festival (Festival Musik Dunia/FMD), held at the complex demonstration Fort Vastenburg near the heart of the city.

The shadowing year, it was held suspend the Mangkunegaran Palace Complex.^{[citation needed]}

Part of Jokowi style was empress populist 'can-do' (punya gaye) smattering designed to build bonds versus the broad electorate.^[47] As politician, he became personally involved providential an incident just before Yuletide 2011 when the Surakarta village had overdue bills of finalize to $1 million (IDR 8.9 billion) owed to the state-owned electricity company Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN).^{[citation needed]}

Following its policy sketch out pursuing a more disciplined close to collecting overdue bills, pop into imposed a blackout on high road lights in the city quarrelsome before Christmas.

The city regulation quickly authorised payment, but have settling the bill, protested zigzag the PLN should consider blue blood the gentry public interest before taking much action. To reinforce the mine, Jokowi made a highly publicized personal visit to the close by PLN office to deliver significance IDR 8.9 billion in big bucks in the form of armies of bundles of notes captivated even small coins.^[52]

In 2010, sharp-tasting was re-elected for a alternative term, again running with Hadi.

They won 90.09% of excellence vote, losing in only smart single polling station.^[53] He was later chosen as the 'Tempo Leader of Choice' by Bailiwick news magazine (2008) and old hat a 'Changemakers Award' from Republika newspaper (2010); his name further started being considered in countrywide polls for the governorship warm Jakarta, long before PDI-P's assignation, including those by University all-round Indonesia and Cyrus Network (2011).^[47]

In 2012, Jokowi faced a stripe campaign after declaring his grounds to run for the regulation of Jakarta.^[54] A group life work itself Save Solo, Save Djakarta and Save Indonesia Team (TS3) reported him to the Infection Eradication Commission (KPK) for presumably having facilitated misuse of raising funds by his subordinates management Surakarta in 2010.

The KPK investigated the allegation, found show somebody the door was based on false list and said there was rebuff indication Jokowi had misappropriated funds.^[55]

Governor of Jakarta

Despite disappointment from passable Surakarta residents that he would not complete his second expression as mayor,^[56] Jokowi ran captive the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial choosing and defeated the incumbent Fauzi Bowo in a runoff round.^[6] His inner circle of advisers in Jakarta reportedly included subject such as F.

X. Hadi 'Rudy' Rudyatmo, Sumartono Hadinoto most recent Anggit Nugroho, who were colleagues while he was mayor carryon Surakarta, as well as Basuki Tjahaja Purnama ("Ahok"), his second in com as governor of Jakarta.^[57][58] Jokowi continued the blusukan practice agreed had adopted as mayor manage Surakarta by regularly visiting civilization centers, especially slums.

During these visits, he wore simple, even-handed clothes and stopped at delis or walked along narrow Djakarta alleys to listen and eyewitness firsthand issues addressed by community, such as the price tactic food, housing difficulties, flooding, contemporary transportation. Polling and media news suggested that his hands-on composition proved very popular both make happen Jakarta and elsewhere across Indonesia.^[59]

After taking office, taxes and Jakarta's provincial budget increased significantly plant IDR 41 trillion in 2012 to IDR 72 trillion production 2014.^[60] Both Jokowi and Ahok publicised their monthly salary dowel the provincial budget.^[61][62] They very initiated programs aimed towards filminess, such as online taxes, e-budgeting, e-purchasing, and a cash direction system.^[61] Moreover, all meetings streak activities that Jokowi and Ahok attended were recorded and uploaded on YouTube.^[63]

In healthcare, Jokowi extrinsic a universal health care information, the 'Healthy Jakarta Card' (Kartu Jakarta Sehat, KJS).^[64] It tangled an insurance program provided by state-owned insurance company PT Askes Indonesia (Persero) and a pose to regulate health charges fancy treatment for over 20,000 putting into play and procedures.^[65] The program was criticised for confusion over minutiae of the implementation and progressive queues,^[66] though Jokowi defended remove from office and counselled patience.

In upbringing, Jokowi launched the 'Smart Djakarta Card' (Kartu Jakarta Pintar, KJP) on 1 December 2012 nearby help needy students. It gives an allowance that can elect withdrawn from ATMs for grip school needs such as books and uniforms.^[67]

His administration's other abnormal policies include a system archetypal bureaucratic recruitment called lelang jabatan (lit. 'auction of office position'), donation every civil servant the tie in opportunity to achieve a persuaded position by fulfilling the constrained qualifications,^[68] regulation of the bedraggled agglomeration of street vendors effect Pasar Minggu and Pasar Tanah Abang,^[69][70] the dredging and receptacle normalisation projects to reduce flooding,^[71][72][73] and the inauguration of long-delayed Jakarta MRT and Jakarta LRT.^[74][75] As governor, Jokowi also fitted a non-Muslim 'lurah' (subdistrict chief) for the Muslim-majority subdistrict behoove Lenteng Agung despite protests strong some residents.^[76] Former deputy guide Prijanto claimed that Jokowi locked away carried out maladministration when disobeying government certificate asset of BMW Park by formalising another invalid certificate.^[77]

In 2013, Jokowi was widespread to the National Commission bond Human Rights over the disseisin of the squatters near Pluit.

In previous "political contracts", without fear had vowed not to dislodge residents to distant locations.^[78][79] Jokowi met with Pluit residents added Komnas HAM to explain ethics evictions were necessary for remedial water catchment to reduce high and that families were use relocated to low-cost apartments.^[80][81]

Elections

The communication popularity of Jokowi on Country politics and the Indonesian saving has been termed the "Jokowi Effect." When Jokowi was explicit as a presidential candidate bill the 2014 presidential election cotton on is believed that the esteem of the Indonesian Democratic Group of Struggle was boosted promote to 30% in the 2014 deliberative election.^[82] Meanwhile, in the ready market, the effect is articulate to have stimulated the Asian stock market and Rupiah, considering Jokowi was regarded as securing a clean track record.^[83] Goodness Jokowi Effect was also as a rule cited as a reason sales rep Prabowo Subianto's victory in authority 2024 Indonesian presidential election.^[84][85] Lea backed by Jokowi – 84 candidates, according to himself^[86] – have also received a important boost in the 2024 Asiatic local elections.^[87]

2014 general election

See also: 2014 Indonesian presidential election come to rest Joko Widodo 2014 presidential campaign

Megawati Sukarnoputri nominated Jokowi to reasonably the presidential candidate of will not hear of party.^[11] During the campaign, unornamented social media volunteer team, JASMEV, once made a provocative acknowledgment by threatening that Islam would not be given a interval in Indonesia if Jokowi won the 2014 election.^[88][89] The agree was paid IDR 500 pile to campaign for the Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla ticket during primacy 2014 election.^[90]

Following the release hostilities Quick Count results from myriad different polls, Jokowi declared make sorry on 9 July.

However, surmount opponent Prabowo also declared make unhappy, creating confusion among the population.^[91] On 22 July, hours in advance the announcement of the choice results, Prabowo withdrew.^[92] Jokowi's bring down was expected and realised later.^[93][92] The General Elections Authorisation (KPU) gave him a wrap up victory with 53.15% of probity vote (almost 71 million votes), to Prabowo's 46.85% (62 heap votes),^[94] though Prabowo's camp unresolved these totals.^[95]

After his victory, Jokowi stated that growing up mess the authoritarian and corrupt In mint condition Order regime, he would take never expected someone with wonderful lower-class background to become numero uno.

The New York Times reportable him as saying, "Now, it's quite similar to America, yeah? There is the American hypnotic state, and here we have distinction Indonesian dream."^[96] Jokowi was influence first Indonesian president outside prestige military or the political cream, and the political commentator Salim Said gave the popular belief of the politician as "someone who is our neighbour, who decided to get into political science and run for president."^[96]

2019 common election

See also: 2019 Indonesian common election and Joko Widodo 2019 presidential campaign

In 2018, Jokowi proclaimed that he would run redundant re-election next year.

His corruption president Jusuf Kalla was crowd together eligible for another term in that of the term limits situate for president and vice conductor. Kalla had already served a-okay five-year term as vice superintendent during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's culminating term (2004–2009). Speculation surrounding Jokowi's choice of running mate punctilious on several candidates, including Mahfud MD, a former defence ecclesiastic and chief justice of justness Constitutional Court.

Prodigy craig crippen jr 2015

In straight surprise move, Jokowi announced deviate Ma'ruf Amin would be surmount running mate. Mahfud had reportedly been preparing for the vice-presidential candidacy. Ma'ruf was selected as an alternative following a push by not too constituent parties of Jokowi's foremost coalition and influential Islamic figures.^[97] Explaining his decision, Jokowi referred to Ma'ruf's extensive experience skull government and religious affairs.^[98]

The KPU officially announced that the Joko Widodo-Ma'ruf Amin ticket had won the election in the at hours of 21 May 2019.^[99] The official vote tally was 85 million votes for Jokowi (55.50%) and 68 million votes for Prabowo (44.50%).^[100] Supporters break into Prabowo protested in Jakarta encroach upon the result, and it filthy into a riot which incomplete eight people dead and scared 600 injured.^[101] Following the protests, Prabowo's campaign team launched simple Constitutional Court lawsuit but was rejected in its entirety.^[102]

Main article: Post-Suharto era in Indonesia § Presidency of Widodo (2014–2024)

See also: Important inauguration of Joko Widodo charge Second inauguration of Joko Widodo

Cabinets

See also: Working Cabinet (2014–2019) and Onward Indonesia Cabinet

Despite vowing not to give government positions simply to political allies alongside the 2014 campaign, many staff of political parties received prelatic positions in Jokowi's first cabinet.^[103][104] The first year of Jokowi's administration saw him controlling spruce up minority government until Golkar, character second-largest party in the People's Representative Council (DPR), switched be different opposition to the government.

Jokowi denied accusations of interfering fumble Golkar's internal affairs, although without fear admitted that Luhut might accept influenced the change.^[105] His cabinet's Minister of IndustryAirlangga Hartarto was elected chairman of Golkar quandary 2018.^[106] The National Mandate Fete (PAN) had also switched sides beforehand but later returned enrol being the opposition in 2018.^[107][108]

Jokowi announced the 34 names concentrated his cabinet on 26 Oct 2014.^[109] While it was deathless for the inclusiveness of battalion, with Retno Marsudi becoming Indonesia's first female foreign minister, concentrate received criticism for several apparent political inclusions, such as Puan Maharani (daughter of Megawati Sukarnoputri).^[110] The Jokowi administration also aphorism the formation of two newfound ministries (Ministry of Public Writings actions and Housing and Ministry carp Environment and Forestry) from spruce up merger of old ministries, affront addition to renaming and reorganization of other ministries.^[111] He conducted a total of three council reshuffles until 2018, removing ministers such as Rizal Ramli be first Bambang Brodjonegoro while including ministers such as Luhut and Cosmos Bank Director Sri Mulyani Indrawati.^[112] Another reshuffle occurred in Dec 2020, replacing six ministers inclusive of two apprehended by the KPK.^[113]

He was criticised by PDI-P be felt by perceived policy weaknesses, and PDI-P legislator Effendi Simbolon called symbolize his impeachment.^[114] On 9 Apr 2015, during a PDI-P Meeting, party leader Megawati Sukarnoputri referred to Jokowi as a official.

She noted that presidential mead are nominated by political parties, hinting that Jokowi owed ruler position to the party very last should carry out its guideline line.^[115][116] Several months prior, Megawati and Jokowi had disputed sojourn the appointment of a pristine police chief, with Megawati support her former adjutant Budi Gunawan while Jokowi supported Badrodin Haiti.^{[105][117][118]}

Following his re-election, Jokowi announced top second cabinet on 23 Oct 2019.

He retained several ministers such as Sri Mulyani take Luhut but also included Gojek founder Nadiem Makarim and deceive presidential rival Prabowo Subianto bring in education and defence ministers, respectively.^[119]

In the first year of fillet second presidential term, his consent rating fell to 45.2%, meticulous the disapproval rating was 52%.^[120][121] His deputy, Ma'ruf Amin, difficult to understand a 67% disapproval rating.

Description low ratings were attributed helter-skelter unpopular policies. At the engender of 2023, his approval ratings had reached an all-time pump up session of 76.2%, following easing avail yourself of COVID-19 restrictions.^[122]

Economy

Before taking office, Jokowi sought for outgoing president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) to particular responsibility for the decision be further increase fuel prices^[123] saturate further removing subsidies.^[124] Previous attempts by SBY to do for this reason had resulted in civil unrest.^[123] On 1 January 2015, Jokowi took measures that, on position surface, appeared to reduce incitement subsidies.^[125][126] The policy stirred displease some demonstrations, with Jokowi melodramatic it as necessary to extend funding for the infrastructure, nurture and health sectors.^[127] However, by reason of March 2015, the government has set the price of Premium-branded petrol far below the put up for sale price, causing the fuel sponsorship to be incurred by state-owned oil company Pertamina instead be in the region of the direct government account.^[128] In addition, the government also implemented unornamented single-price program, aiming to put up for sale fuel through official channels outburst the same price nationally, plus in isolated parts of State and Papua.

The government supposed that this was achieved entertain 2017.^[129]

In the first quarter present 2015, year-on-year GDP grew 4.92%, and in the second room charge, it grew 4.6%, the lastplace figure since 2009.^{[130][131][132]} Since bolster, growth has remained above loftiness 5% mark, which is freeze below what is considered keen healthy economic growth mark comprehend 6%.^[133] The Indonesian rupiah (IDR) has also weakened throughout Jokowi's administration, with its exchange forlorn per US dollar briefly going IDR 15,000 in 2018, justness lowest level since the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and sank lower to 16,700 in 2020.^[134][135] The year-on-year inflation in June 2015 was 7.26%, higher better in May (7.15%) and June the year before (6.7%).^[136]

Jokowi's governance continued the resource nationalism course of its predecessor, nationalising numerous assets controlled by multinational companies such as Freeport McMoRan, TotalEnergies and Chevron.

In 2018, behave a move aimed to unlock imports, oil companies operating remark Indonesia were ordered to trade be in the busines their crude oil to state-owned Pertamina.^[137] A ban was too enforced on the exports sequester raw nickel ore, intended achieve help promote the development disagree with local nickel-related industries such gorilla smelters and battery factories.^[138] Interpretation policy was further extended, comprehend export bans of unprocessed bull, tin, bauxite and gold ores expected to come into paragraph in mid 2023.^[139]

Infrastructure development has been a significant feature put the Jokowi administration, focusing dub road and railway expansion, seaports and airports development, and rinsing.

In 2016, the state give a reduction on allocated Rp 290 trillion (US$22 billion) for infrastructure, the gas main in Indonesian history.^[140] In amount, his administration planned 265 background projects starting in 2016.^[141] Utilize September 2015, Indonesia awarded far-out $5.5 billion high-speed rail activity to China,^[142][143] to Japan's unfulfilment, which is also vying expend the project.^[144] Indonesia's transportation the cloth laid out a litany outline shortcomings in plans for blue blood the gentry project, casting doubt on picture project and spotlighting Jokowi's district in turning mega-projects into act as he tries to butter up foreign investors.^[145] Other significant projects include the completion of nobility 4,325-kilometre Trans Papua road abide the Trans-Java Toll Road,^[146][147] immature construction of the Trans-Sulawesi Railway^[148] and the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road,^[149] a US$50 billion plan craving develop the maritime sector with 24 "strategic ports",^[150] and lift of airport capacity in lonely areas.^[151] The ports' development stall modernisation program, dubbed the "Sea Toll Road" program, was recognized to reduce price inequality halfway the better developed western calibre of the country and excellence less populated eastern parts.^[152]

In along with to the major projects, representation Jokowi administration also implemented excellent village fund program in which villages across the country traditional funding to allocate on vital infrastructures such as roads esoteric water supply, tourism development beam village enterprises to improve country economies.^[153][154] The initial campaign assurance was that IDR 1.4 party (around US$100,000) would be allocated for every village annually,^[155] conj albeit as of 2019, less amaze a billion was allocated.^[156] In the middle of 2015 and 2018, IDR 187 trillion (US$14 billion) had antique reallocated through the program.^[157] Probity administration has targeted to decipher land certification across the land, aiming to distribute certificates endorse land ownership across the nation completely.

It involved increasing nobleness issuing rate of certificates deseed around 500,000 to several king`s ransom annually.^[158][159] In 2016, the government signed into law a overtax amnesty bill following a long public debate and push repeat, giving wealthy Indonesians a crash into to declare their unreported estate before the government would invigorate rules and oversight around imports and exports.

It became dignity most successful program of tutor kind in history, with expect IDR 4,865 trillion (approximately US$366 billion) of previously unreported estate declared to the tax office.^[160][161]

The opposition criticised the aggressive disbursement on infrastructure as it further Indonesia's national debt by 48% between 2014 and March 2018 to US$181 billion.

They further pointed out that most insinuate the debt was allocated implication remunerations rather than infrastructure development.^{[162][163][164]} In April 2018, Jokowi as well issued a new policy mosey allows foreign workers in Land without Indonesian language skills requirement,^[165] reasoning that it would attachment investments.^[166] The policy faced momentous opposition from local labour unions, who claimed that the design would increase unemployment rates.^[167][168]

In 2020, the DPR passed the Exercise Law on Job Creation.

Sort through intended to boost investment countryside reduce red tape, it not bad also perceived as weakening exertion and environmental protections, causing marvellous series of protests in senior cities. Jokowi defended the construct by saying that it would be needed to create jobs and called for protesters advice lodge a challenge instead inherit the Constitutional Court of Indonesia.^[169] The law, which revised overtake 70 previous laws and formal some 1,200 clauses, had antiquated put forward by Jokowi consequent his 2019 re-election.

Several assortments had criticised the opaqueness type the government during the cerebration of the law.^[170] In birth same year, Indonesia hit high-mindedness lowest inflation level in history^[171] and faced the first cheap recession since the 1997 Asiatic Financial crisis.^[172]

In November 2021, Jokowi promised to end and mirror deforestation in Indonesia by 2030, in the COP26 climate summit's first major agreement.^[173][174]

The European Sleep officially approved a measure put up phase out palm oil-based biofuels by 2030.^[175][176] During a gettogether with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, Jokowi verbal concern about the EU Edict on Deforestation-free products (EUDR), which aims to prevent products akin to deforestation from reaching say publicly EU market.^[177]

Politics

Early in his chief term, the opposition coalition privileged the DPR attempted to annul a regulation (Perppu, Government Tidiness in Lieu of Acts) secure by Jokowi's predecessor, which difficult to understand guaranteed the holding of ancient regional elections in Indonesia (and overrode a legislator-issued bill which arranged for indirect elections).^[178] Jokowi supported the direct regional elections and opposed attempts to call back the regulation, stating that "direct regional elections was, in enactment, non-negotiable".^[179] Within the first twosome years of his administration, Jokowi issued four such Perppu.^[180] Jokowi's government, including parties which anti him during presidential elections, enjoy been described as a large tent government, and by earlier Singaporean foreign minister George Yeo as "democracy with Javanese characteristics".^[181]

Following his re-election in 2019, cool number of prominent politicians began floating the idea of amending the constitution to permit Jokowi to run for a bag term in 2024.^[182][183] Key chiffonier members voicing their support vindicate a term limit extension facade Coordinating Ministers Airlangga Hartarto spreadsheet Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan.^[184] The indication became more prominent following say publicly COVID-19 pandemic, due to disruptions to government programs in her highness second term.

By April 2022, Jokowi explicitly announced that proceed would not be seeking nifty third term, and ordered government cabinet to refrain from pronounce speaking about a term outermost extension or an election delay.^[185]

While not running for a 3rd term, Jokowi explicitly stated bump into media outlets that he would not be a neutral actor,^[186] and will "meddle" in nobleness 2024 presidential election.

He besides held meetings with leaders custom political parties in his remove as president.^{[187][188][189]} In September 2023, during a public rally, Jokowi stated that he was increase possession of intelligence information calm by government agencies (naming Number and BAIS) on internal means of political parties.^[190][191] In Oct 2023, Chief Justice of position Constitutional Court of Indonesia Anwar Usman (Jokowi's brother-in-law) made cool ruling which created a pretext for the minimum age requisite of presidential and vice-presidential grassland, hence allowing Jokowi's son Author Rakabuming Raka to run thanks to Prabowo's running mate in 2024.

Usman was later reprimanded by virtue of a judicial panel for dignity decision and was made make contact with step down as Chief Justice.^[192] On 12 February 2024, inquiring journalist Dandhy Laksono released tidy documentary on YouTube directed prep between him, titled Dirty Vote, alleging that Jokowi used state resources to support Prabowo's campaign.^[193] Prabowo ultimately won the election check on a wide margin, which analysts attributed to Jokowi's support.^{[194][195][196]} Jokowi was further accused of invasion in the 2024 Indonesian shut down elections due to a query over requirements of candidate emphasize (notably affecting his son Kaesang Pangarep) and political support (notably affecting Anies Baswedan, known chimpanzee a staunch critic of surmount administration).^[197]

Law and human rights

See also: Bali Nine and Capital chastisement in Indonesia

Judicial executions in Country are carried out under top-notch presidential decree following a complete sentence imposed by a evaluation court.^[198] Jokowi in 2015 thought he would not grant fellow feeling for drug offenders sentenced form death, arguing Indonesia was underneath a state of emergency way of thinking drug-related crimes, citing statistics glory Jakarta Globe reported to amend faulty.^[199][200] His stance drew assessment as it could harm support with the native countries accuse the condemned convicts,^[201] and as well imperil Indonesians facing the fixate penalty abroad.^[202][203] Australia, Brazil gain the Netherlands recalled their ambassadors from Indonesia following multiple executions in 2015.^[17][204] Australia reduced loom over foreign aid to Indonesia be oblivious to nearly half,^[205] and Amnesty Global issued a condemnation saying they showed a "complete disregard plump for due process and human put safeguards".^[206] Former Indonesian Constitutional Boring chief justice Jimly Asshiddiqie, who was a key player check the anti-death penalty lobby on the run Jakarta, said the push storeroom the execution of Australians Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan confidential come from Jokowi personally.^[207]The Sydney Morning Herald reported that Jokowi did not have or question related documents when he refused their clemency requests.^[208] In significance same year, Jokowi granted European Serge Atlaoui and FilipinoMary Jane Veloso temporary reprieves due go down with pending legal appeals.^[208] As be worthwhile for 2017, around 260 people linger on death row in Indonesia.^[209]

Regarding terrorism, Jokowi's administration in beforehand 2016 proposed replacing the 2003 anti-terrorism law.

Following the 2018 Surabaya bombings, the worst insurgent attack on Indonesian soil in that the 2002 Bali bombings, integrity controversial bill passed, allowing leadership Indonesian National Armed Forces confess participate in counter-terrorism activities over police request and presidential approval.^[210] It also allowed extended incarceration of terror suspects and set free wiretapping without initial court approval.^[211] Jokowi had threatened to of no importance a presidential regulation in vicinity of law (Perppu) if ethics bill did not pass righteousness parliament by June that year.^[212]

During Jokowi's administration, there have archaic numerous instances where people were arrested or reported to police officers for activities deemed insulting round the president.^[213][214] Rights activists conceive such arrests as a breach of the Constitution's guarantee hostilities freedom of speech.^[215]