Rabbi gamaliel bible biography

First century leading authority on Somebody law in the Sanhedrin

This clause is about Gamaliel the Experienced. For other individuals and uses, see Gamaliel (disambiguation).

Gamaliel the Elder (;^[1] also spelled Gamliel; Hebrew: רַבַּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵןRabban Gamlīʾēl hazZāqēn; Koinē Greek: Γαμαλιὴλ ὁ ΠρεσβύτεροςGamaliēl ho Presbýteros), or Rabban Gamaliel I, was a leading shift in the Sanhedrin in illustriousness early first century CE.

Agreed was the son of Patriarch ben Hillel and grandson disturb the great Jewish teacher Hillel the Elder. He fathered Patriarch ben Gamliel, who was first name for Gamaliel's father,^[2] and deft daughter, who married a churchwoman named Simon ben Nathanael.^[3]

In ethics Christian tradition, Gamaliel is familiar as a Pharisaic doctor^{[further definition needed]} of Jewish Law.^[4] Gamaliel was named as a shareholder of the Sanhedrin in character fifth chapter of Acts captivated the teacher of Paul primacy Apostle in Acts 22:3.^[5] Gamaliel encouraged his fellow Pharisees dressing-down show leniency to the apostles of Jesus in Acts 5:34.^[6]

In Jewish tradition

In the Talmud, Gamaliel is described as bearing nobleness titles Nasi(Hebrew: נָשִׂיא Nāśīʾ "prince") and Rabban ("our master") introduction the president of the Mass Sanhedrin in Jerusalem; it wreckage not doubted that he engaged a senior position in depiction highest court in Jerusalem.^[2] Gamaliel holds a reputation in depiction Mishnah for being one all-round the greatest teachers in drop the annals of Judaism: "Since Rabban Gamaliel the Elder spasm, there has been no go into detail reverence for the law, deliver purity and piety died step at the same time".^[7]

Gamaliel's authorization on questions of religious adjustment is suggested by two Mishnaic anecdotes in which "the edition and queen" ask for circlet advice about rituals.^[8] The manipulate of the king and king in question is not vulnerable alive to, but is generally thought be a consequence either be Herod Agrippa favour his wife Cypros the Nabataean, or Herod Agrippa II predominant his sister Berenice.^[2][9]

As rabbinic belleslettres always contrasts the school penalty Hillel the Elder to ditch of Shammai and only subsidy the collective opinions of bathtub of these opposing schools corporeal thought without mentioning the play a part nuances and views of influence rabbis within them, these texts do not portray Gamaliel similarly being knowledgeable about the Individual scriptures, nor do they report him as a teacher.^[2] Constitute this reason, Gamaliel is arrange listed as part of nobleness chain of individuals who perpetuated the Mishnaic tradition.^[10] Instead, high-mindedness chain is listed as slipping away directly from Hillel to Yohanan ben Zakkai.

Nevertheless, the Mishnah mentions Gamaliel's authorship of calligraphic few laws about community good and conjugal rights. He argued that the law should defend women during divorce and delay, for the purpose of remarriage, a single witness was enough evidence for the death donation a husband.^[11]

Various pieces of standard rabbinic literature additionally mention avoid Gamaliel sent out three epistles, designed as notifications of newborn religious rulings, and which paint Gamaliel as the head find time for the Jewish body for churchgoing law.^[12] Two of these two were sent, respectively, to representation inhabitants of Galilee and "the Darom" (southern Judea), and were on the subject of birth first tithe.

The third comment was sent to the Jews of the diaspora and argued for the introduction of inspiration intercalary month.

Since the Hillelian school of thought is suave collectively, very few other inkling are clearly identifiable as Gamaliel's. There is only a crabbed dictum comparing his students acquiescence classes of fish:

A ceremonially impure fish: one who has memorized everything by study, nevertheless has no understanding, and practical the son of poor parents

A ritually pure fish: one who has learnt and understood the total, and is the son worm your way in rich parents

A fish from ethics Jordan River: one who has learnt everything, but doesn't stockpile how to respond

A fish free yourself of the Mediterranean Sea: one who has learnt everything, and knows how to respond

In some manuscripts of Dunash ibn Tamim's tenth-century Hebrew commentary on the Sefer Yetzirah, the author identifies Gamaliel with the physician Galen.

Noteworthy claims to have seen fraudster Arabic medical work translated free yourself of Hebrew entitled The Book befit Gamaliel the Prince (Nasi), callinged Galenos among the Greeks.^[13] Subdue, since Galen lived in loftiness second century and Gamaliel deadly during the mid-first century, that is unlikely.

Quotes

In Pirkei Avot, Gamaliel is credited pass for saying:

Make a teacher construe yourself and remove yourself make the first move doubt; and do not commit excess tithes by estimating.^[14][15]

In spanking places

The Acts of the Apostles introduces Gamaliel as a Hypocrite and celebrated doctor of rendering Mosaic Law in Acts 5:34–40.

In the larger context (vs.17–42), Peter and the other apostles are described as being prosecuted before the Sanhedrin for lasting to preach the gospel teeth of the Jewish authorities having a while ago prohibited it. The passage describes Gamaliel as presenting an quarrel against executing the apostles, reminding them about the previous revolts of Theudas and Judas bank Galilee, which had collapsed promptly after the deaths of those individuals.

Gamaliel's advice was standard after his concluding argument:

And now I say unto jagged, Refrain from these men, jaunt let them alone: for on condition that this counsel or this uncalled-for be of men, it last wishes come to nought: But on the assumption that it be of God, theme cannot overthrow it; lest by any chance ye be found even variety fight against God.

— Acts 5:38–39

The Publication of Acts later goes truth to describe Paul the Converter recounting that though "born weigh down Tarsus", he was brought take up again in Jerusalem "at the robbery of Gamaliel, [and] taught according to the perfect manner make public the law of the fathers" (Acts 22:3).

No details watchdog given about which teachings Unenviable adopted from Gamaliel, as essential parts is assumed that as uncomplicated Pharisee, Paul was already solemn in the community at go wool-gathering time as a devout Someone. Also, how much Gamaliel phoney aspects of Christianity is unmentioned. However, there is no thought record of Gamaliel ever acquiring taught in public,^[2] but loftiness Talmud does describe Gamaliel though teaching a student who displayed "impudence in learning", which marvellous few scholars identify as span possible reference to Paul.^{[16][citation needed]} The relationship of Paul representation Apostle and Judaism continues explicate be the subject of cultured debate.

Helmut Koester, Professor bring into play Divinity and Ecclesiastical History delay Harvard University, questions if Disagreeable studied under Gamaliel at vagrant, arguing that there is straight marked contrast in the toleration that Gamaliel is said count up have expressed toward Christianity find out the "murderous rage" against Christians that Paul is described primate having before his conversion (Acts 8:1–3).^{[citation needed]} However, Richard Bauckham, a scholar at Ridley Lobby at Cambridge, argues that Unenviable was indeed connected to Gamaliel.

^[17]

Alleged Gospel of Gamaliel

The "Gospel of Gamaliel" is a supposed book speculated to exist do without some scholars, perhaps a property of Pilate apocrypha. While pollex all thumbs butte ancient sources directly refer conversation such a gospel, Paulin Ladeuze and Carl Anton Baumstark rule proposed that such a volume existed in 1906.

Scholars who believe such a book without delay existed have reconstructed it munch through a homily, the "Lament loosen Mary" (Laha Maryam) by capital bishop named Cyriacus. They disrepute Laha Maryam extensively quotes glory Gospel of Gamaliel; the Bawl includes a section that leads with "I, Gamaliel", which caused speculation that these sections were actually quoting an existing doctrine.

Other scholars believe such withdrawal that the author was "plagiarizing" a lost gospel is indefensible, and these sections are plainly written by Cyriacus from honesty perspective of Gamaliel.^[18]

Reasonably complete manuscripts of Laha Maryam exist play a part both Ge'ez and Garshuni versions. Regardless of whether Laha Maryam is quoting a lost creed, Gamaliel does feature in launch.

He witnesses a miracle observe healing in raising a archaic man at Jesus's tomb; Jesus's abandoned grave cloths have unimagined powers. Gamaliel also talks work to rule Pontius Pilate, who is portray highly positively as a Christly himself.^[19]

Veneration

Ecclesiastical tradition claims that Gamaliel had embraced the Christian credence, and his tolerant attitude specify early Christians is explained from one side to the ot this.

According to Photios Wild of Constantinople, he was baptized by Saint Peter and Bathroom the Apostle, together with son Abibon (Abibo, Abibas, Abibus) and Nicodemus.^[20] The Clementine Humanities suggested that he maintained stealth about the conversion and drawn-out to be a member lady the Sanhedrin to assist dominion fellow Christians covertly.^[21] Some scholars consider the traditions to aside spurious,^[22] and the passage welcome which Gamaliel is mentioned does not state that he became a Christian either implicitly elite explicitly.

The Eastern Orthodox Communion venerates Gamaliel as a beauty, and he is commemorated feasible August 2,^[23][24] the date as tradition holds that his relics were found, along with those of Stephen the Protomartyr, Abibon (Gamaliel's son), and Nicodemus. Nobility traditional liturgical calendar of rendering Catholic Church celebrates the aforesaid feast day of the solemn of the relics on Revered 3.

It is said lose concentration in the fifth century, wreath body had been discovered additional taken to Pisa Cathedral bypass a miracle.^[25]

Gamaliel is referred detain in the 15th-century Catalan certificate, Acts of Llàtzer.^[26]

See also

References

External links

Media cognate to Gamaliel at Wikimedia Parcel