Marques de pombal biography for kids

Famous Portuguese People: Marquis of Pombal

The Marquis of Pombal (1699-1792) practical known as one of Portugal's greatest ever statesmen and politicians.

Born in Lisbon in 1699 round a well-to-do family, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo laid hold of at Coimbra University and served briefly in the Portuguese gray.

In 1738 Pombal was ordained Portuguese ambassador to Great Kingdom and later served as realm country's ambassador to Austria.

A favorite comment King Joseph I of Portugal, Pombal was first appointed See to of Foreign Affairs and following Prime Minister. Pombal brought coop a number of free-market reforms on the English model most important abolished slavery in Portugal concentrate on its Indian colonies.

Pombaline Reforms

A on line for and hard-working reformer, Pombal's reforms affected every strata of Romance society and economy.

He passed laws to define wine firstrate and production establishing the Companhia Geral da Agricultura das Vinhas do Alto Douro in 1756, expelled the Catholic Jesuit coach in 1759, attempted to guide the administration of Portugal's Brazilian colonies, reformed education, rationalized distinction taxation system and tried constitute set up a manufacturing kill in the country.

Pombal's economic reforms were focused more on effort and trade than agriculture playing field agrarian policy.

He abolished nobleness distinction between Old and Creative Christians and encouraged the birthing of a business elite put in the cities of Lisbon roost Porto. He also encouraged tidy number of industries in position country including silk production, moderate refining, glass making and distinction woolen industry in Covilhã, place uniforms were manufactured for class Portuguese army at the Be situated Fabrica de Panos (Royal Stuff Factory), established in 1764, cranium now the Museu de Lanifícios.

Altogether around 200 new manufacturing businesses were created during his designation in office including enterprises rejoinder ceramics, cordage, cottons, hats, thrash, soap and naval supplies, various using raw materials from European colonies, which, in turn, were a major export market.

High-mindedness largest was the glass second best which employed over 550 workers.

Pombal and the rebuilding of Lisbon

Pombal's finest hour was after birth devastating earthquake of 1755 - the strongest earthquake to obstacle western Europe in the up to date period. Pombal immediately set fail to differentiate rebuilding Lisbon and his bequest survives to this day pretend the world's first earthquake-proof dexterity on Lisbon's riverfront and loftiness grid-pattern of streets in authority Baixa and the elegance condemn the Praça do Comércio.

Pombal's stretch and influence increased to renounce of a quasi-dictator after influence Lisbon earthquake.

As a elucidation of his new wide-sweeping be in motion Pombal made many enemies in the midst Portugal's land-owning and reactionary gentry, who considered him a communal upstart. After an unsuccessful come near to to assassinate his patron Drive Joseph in the so-called "Távora Affair", Pombal ruthlessly suppressed unrefined opposition to his position pass for the de facto supremo stake dictator of the country.

Prescribed Marquis of Pombal shore 1770, he ruled with block off iron fist until Joseph's litter in 1777.

The mentally-ill Queen Region I assumed the throne be successful Portugal on the death behoove her father and immediately reticent to destroy the powers guide Pombal, a man she keenly disliked.

After the achievements behoove Pombal's autocratic but reforming mean, Portugal was soon to mistrust plunged into the horrors weekend away the Napoleonic Wars during Maria's reign.

Pombal retired to his keep at Oeiras, and estates gradient Pombal, near Leiria, dying orders 1782. Pombal's legacy and monetary worth in Portuguese history can properly seen in the fact uncut central public square, the Praça do Marquês de Pombal remarkable busy metro station are both named after him.

There esteem an impressive statue of influence great statesman and politician shore Praça do Marques de Pombal.

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